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Alfred
Krober On Money:
Money
is prized and established influence everywhere in California...
.But whatever its influence in southern and middle California, that
influence is multiplied among the Yurok. Blood money, bride purchase,
compensation to the years mourners before a dance can be held, are
situations known to almost every group described in the present
work.
The Northwesterners
alone have measured the precise value of every mans life or wife
or grief. Every injury, each privilege or wrong or trespass, is
calculated or compensated...
6. Intent or
ignorance, malice or negligence, are never a factor. The fact and
amount of damage are alone considered. The psychological attitude
is as if intent were always involved.
7. Directness
or indirectness of cause of damage is not considered, except in
as far as a direct cause has precedence over an indirect one. If
the agent who is directly responsible cannot satisfactorily be made
amenable, liability automatically attaches to the next agent or
instrument in the chain of causality, and so on indefinitely. I:171
Two
Principals of Yurok Law:
These two principles of Yurok Law are very basic, numbers 6 and
7 in Kroebers Handbook. About numbed 7: If the guilty party couldnt
or wouldnt pay, then their parents were held responsible, then the
rest of the family was. The assumption is that if you are not going
to be willing to pay for your childrens damages, then you should
not have had them.
You had to
have something that changed hands.. .was on deposit...with a
Yurok you never got anything for nothing. I:171-172 Harry
Roberts
Subject
to Yurok Law:
The importance of wealth: everything had a value. If you destroyed
anything, you replaced it or paid for it. No recriminations. No
bickering. There was no such thing as saying you were sorry. Whenever
there was a misunderstanding between two Indians and I dont give
a damn what the misunderstanding was about.. .this is the Law: You
had to settle it. Before anything else could be done and it
did not matter if it took a hundred years, it had to be settled.
Otherwise you cannot have free intercourse with people. No Indian
ever did anyone elses thinking for him. No Indian ever assumed that
he knew what another persons thoughts were. He never assumed them,
nor did he act on them. This does not say he didnt know them. It
was impossible not to settle a dispute. All disputes had to be settled.
They made every
possible effect to reduce everything into terms of money, so it
could be settled. That was the measure. You had to have something
that could be used. So it is settled and money has passed. Thats
the end of it. I:157
Most
Individualistic Human Group:
In addition, Yurok Indians have to be one of mankinds most individualistic
human groups. Their orientation, individual and cultural, was never
communal. Alfred Kroeber and other scholars labeled them "anarchists;"
Harry Roberts also. I dont agree. Given their well-documented adherence
to Law, it seemed to me that it was Authority and Government they
resisted, resented, and avoided. They proved damn good at filing
legal objections and law-suits, then following these down through
the decades, which, in my opinion, didnt make them anarchists. Though
they did love to differ. I:68
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